1. Where does SMAN 3 Bandung goes for TURBUD?
a) Bali
b) Yogyakarta
c) Semarang
d) Surabaya
2. What transportation do we use at first?
a) Bus
b) Plane
c) Ship
d) Train
3. What can we do at Tanjung Benoa?
a) Swim at the beach
b) Play some water sport
c) Fishing
d) Buy Milk Pie
4. What the difference between Penglipuran Village and another village in Bali?
a) Penglipuran Village very modern
b) Penglipuran Village is the place for Bali's musician
c) The houses in Penglipuran Village are the same
d) There's no differences
5. What is GWK stands for?
a) Gunung Wisnu Kencana
b) Gedung Wakarta Kencana
c) Garuda Wisnu Kencana
d) Garuda Warta Kancana
6. Where we have our dinner after we visited GWK?
a) Nusa Dua
b) Jimbaran
c) Kuta Beach
d) Legian
7. Where is the centre of merchandise?
a) GWK and Krisna
b) GWK and Sukowati
c) Jimbaran and Sukowati
d) Krisna and Sukowati
8. Port is similar to?
a) Harbor
b) Bus Station
c) Railway Station
d) Airport
9. On 5th of April, the writer impressed with character of ...
a) Rama
b) Rahwana
c) Hanoman
d) Shinta
10. Who's our Tour Guide name?
a) Bli Putra
b) Bli Putu
c) Bli Made
d) Bli Ketut
Dinda Risza Riani
Minggu, 04 Mei 2014
Senin, 28 April 2014
Bali Journal
TURBUD
On last 4th of April, 11th Grade of SMAN 3 Bandung went to Bali Island. We were very excited! It was like the one and only holiday that we can hung out together, went very far from home, and spent so many hours with lots of friends. You know, SMAN 3 Bandung famous with its formula whether it's physics, chemistry, or mathematics. No offense, but that's true. That's one of the reason why we were happy about it. Ow yeah, another reason is we felt like we're the Event Organizer of this joyful moment. So TURBUD is US.
3rd of April
We gathered at Bandung Railway Station on 5 pm. I was accompanied by my Mom and my Brother. Then we started the tour on 8 pm. We used Turangga, I heard it's one of the executive train.
4th of April
The next morning we arrived in Surabaya then we used Bus to continue our trip. We were crossing to Gilimanuk Port at night. Honestly, it was my first time transport by big Ship a.k.a Ferry. The situation was very nice, I love sea, I love beach, I love water. I can feel the nights winds, I can see a thousand of lights, people laughing. Just beautiful. The journey took 29 hours in total. Can you imagine?! So, all I can do when reached the hotel was: sleep.
5th of April
We started the day. The first stop that day was Tanjung Benoa, we can play a lots of water sport there. But I don't. Me and some of my friends visited turtle island. We saw a lots of turtles and other animals. We took a picture with snake! How brave we are. No I'm kidding, we were freaked out as H-E-C-K.
We had a lunch in Tanjung Benoa, then we moved to Raja Mandala. It's symbolize peace of religion in Indonesia. The concept is brilliant. They made 5 differents prayers place for 5 different religion of course.
We didn't spent a long time there. We head to GWK (Garuda Wisnu Kencana). It has some big statues. The biggest statue I've ever seen. The most enchanting time in GWK was Kecak Damce Performance. I'm not a big fan of Traditional thingy but when I see Shinta (a character who played by a beautiful girl, the monster tried to kill her) I'm falling in love with her move. Her face said it all. She's a good dancer. She can telling without speaking and that's amazing.
Here's come the dinner. It wasn't just an usual dinner for me. We had a dinner in Jimbaran. I love sea food so-damn-much! I even get invited to the stage with the others birthday students to celebrated my very belated bornday. Here's come the night, Kania, Lovanda, and Me... sung on the stage to entertain our beloved friends. Although I'm actually a "mellow" singer. But I don't want to let them down. We did our best to sung a Techo song, and it was great! The night felts always young and we were jumping up and down to the rhythm. What an unforgettable night at Jimbaran.
6th of April
We visited Desa Penglipuran. The houses there all the same. I knew "Lohloh" and "Cemcem" it's traditional food in Bali. The taste was... Not bad.
After that we headed Sukowati, it's kind of a market which sell a lots of Bali atribute. I bought Pie Susu there. I love Pie Susu.
At night, it was the scheduled for Makrab! Audria and Hadin acted as The Master of Ceremony. It contains awards, music performances, and so on.
7th of April
The last day in Bali. Yeah, it sounds sad. Before we headed the airport, we visited Pandawa beach. On the road, I was about to sleep and the buss was silent. Suddenly "BANG!" I'm wide awake and found a motorcycle hit the buss. I saw the victim (well, actually he's the troublemaker) , laying with a bunch of blood right on his knee, and running below his eyes through his mouth. Everyone was panicked. My friend, Lala, was shaking. We were to shocked. But the PIRATES came to saved KEPARAT. We can continue our journey and arrived at Pandawa beach.
All I can said when we reach Pandawa was "Oh. My. God!" The scenery was undescribable, the blue ocean was irresistable to touch. Pandawa is the most beautiful beach I've ever seen. We held a sports game like we usually have at school, but cooler, at the beach. My KEPARAT came out as a winner one of the sports game. YEAY! GOD BLESS KEPARAT! (Our name isn't as bad as it sounds. Trust me)
At the afternoon, we went to Krisna, one of Bali's merchandise place to shop (again).
When the evening came, we have to say goodbye to Bali oh yeah and Bli Putra! He was our tour guide. We trusted Air Asia to bring us home.
About 8 pm, we arrived at Bandung. Although Bali is beautiful, rich with cultures, tourism, and all. But still Bandung is da besttt!
I love #32015 so much it hurts!!!
So that was my Turbud story, what's yours?
On last 4th of April, 11th Grade of SMAN 3 Bandung went to Bali Island. We were very excited! It was like the one and only holiday that we can hung out together, went very far from home, and spent so many hours with lots of friends. You know, SMAN 3 Bandung famous with its formula whether it's physics, chemistry, or mathematics. No offense, but that's true. That's one of the reason why we were happy about it. Ow yeah, another reason is we felt like we're the Event Organizer of this joyful moment. So TURBUD is US.
3rd of April
We gathered at Bandung Railway Station on 5 pm. I was accompanied by my Mom and my Brother. Then we started the tour on 8 pm. We used Turangga, I heard it's one of the executive train.
4th of April
The next morning we arrived in Surabaya then we used Bus to continue our trip. We were crossing to Gilimanuk Port at night. Honestly, it was my first time transport by big Ship a.k.a Ferry. The situation was very nice, I love sea, I love beach, I love water. I can feel the nights winds, I can see a thousand of lights, people laughing. Just beautiful. The journey took 29 hours in total. Can you imagine?! So, all I can do when reached the hotel was: sleep.
5th of April
We started the day. The first stop that day was Tanjung Benoa, we can play a lots of water sport there. But I don't. Me and some of my friends visited turtle island. We saw a lots of turtles and other animals. We took a picture with snake! How brave we are. No I'm kidding, we were freaked out as H-E-C-K.
We had a lunch in Tanjung Benoa, then we moved to Raja Mandala. It's symbolize peace of religion in Indonesia. The concept is brilliant. They made 5 differents prayers place for 5 different religion of course.
We didn't spent a long time there. We head to GWK (Garuda Wisnu Kencana). It has some big statues. The biggest statue I've ever seen. The most enchanting time in GWK was Kecak Damce Performance. I'm not a big fan of Traditional thingy but when I see Shinta (a character who played by a beautiful girl, the monster tried to kill her) I'm falling in love with her move. Her face said it all. She's a good dancer. She can telling without speaking and that's amazing.
Here's come the dinner. It wasn't just an usual dinner for me. We had a dinner in Jimbaran. I love sea food so-damn-much! I even get invited to the stage with the others birthday students to celebrated my very belated bornday. Here's come the night, Kania, Lovanda, and Me... sung on the stage to entertain our beloved friends. Although I'm actually a "mellow" singer. But I don't want to let them down. We did our best to sung a Techo song, and it was great! The night felts always young and we were jumping up and down to the rhythm. What an unforgettable night at Jimbaran.
6th of April
We visited Desa Penglipuran. The houses there all the same. I knew "Lohloh" and "Cemcem" it's traditional food in Bali. The taste was... Not bad.
After that we headed Sukowati, it's kind of a market which sell a lots of Bali atribute. I bought Pie Susu there. I love Pie Susu.
At night, it was the scheduled for Makrab! Audria and Hadin acted as The Master of Ceremony. It contains awards, music performances, and so on.
7th of April
The last day in Bali. Yeah, it sounds sad. Before we headed the airport, we visited Pandawa beach. On the road, I was about to sleep and the buss was silent. Suddenly "BANG!" I'm wide awake and found a motorcycle hit the buss. I saw the victim (well, actually he's the troublemaker) , laying with a bunch of blood right on his knee, and running below his eyes through his mouth. Everyone was panicked. My friend, Lala, was shaking. We were to shocked. But the PIRATES came to saved KEPARAT. We can continue our journey and arrived at Pandawa beach.
All I can said when we reach Pandawa was "Oh. My. God!" The scenery was undescribable, the blue ocean was irresistable to touch. Pandawa is the most beautiful beach I've ever seen. We held a sports game like we usually have at school, but cooler, at the beach. My KEPARAT came out as a winner one of the sports game. YEAY! GOD BLESS KEPARAT! (Our name isn't as bad as it sounds. Trust me)
At the afternoon, we went to Krisna, one of Bali's merchandise place to shop (again).
When the evening came, we have to say goodbye to Bali oh yeah and Bli Putra! He was our tour guide. We trusted Air Asia to bring us home.
About 8 pm, we arrived at Bandung. Although Bali is beautiful, rich with cultures, tourism, and all. But still Bandung is da besttt!
I love #32015 so much it hurts!!!
So that was my Turbud story, what's yours?
Senin, 24 Maret 2014
Inspirational Story
Here's the link: http://www.rd.com/true-stories/inspiring/toni-morrison-the-night-i-stood-my-ground/
Question and answer:
1. The walker attack her when she just reach her house (False)
2. How is the situation in the story? (Quite, Dark, Fearful)
3. What does she do when the male come closer?
a) Ask him to leave her alone. b) Shout for help
c) Do nothing. d) Punch the male.
4. She is happy that he appears. (False)
5. She just imagined when the male attack her. (True)
Senin, 10 Februari 2014
MR & MRS SMITH
The movie starts with John Smith (Brad
Pitt) and Jane Smith (Angelina Jolie) in marriage counselling. It is apparent
that their marriage isn't going to well. The therapist asks how long they have
been married, to which John replies "five years", but is corrected by
Jane who states it has been six. John corrects himself with "five to six
years." (This is kind of a running gag throughout the movie.) the
therapist asks them where they met.
Cut to "5 to 6 years ago" in
Bogota, Columbia. The place is wrecked by war, and John is alone in a bar
drinking. The bartender mentions that someone shot the Barracuda, and police
are looking for tourists who are travelling alone. Jane then enters the bar, and is almost captured by the
troops when John boldly claims that she is with him. It is seen that John is
carrying a hand gun, and Jane has a knife. They go up together into his
apartment, where they formally introduce themselves.
The next scene is John boxing with an
unknown person, which talking to his friend Eddie (Vince Vaughn) about how he
has been dating Jane for six weeks and that he loves her. We also find out that
Eddie is divorced and lives with his mother. Jane is rock climbing with her
friend also talking about how much she loves John. Jane thinks that John is in
construction, and John thinks that Jane is in some sort of computer-related
job. Really, they are both assassins for rival corporations, and both Eddie and
Jane's friend are assassins too. John tells Eddie that he is getting married,
which they do.
We now see John and Jane in their daily
lives, waking up and going to work. It is apparent that everyday is very
routine. John is home everyday at exactly 7:00pm, where Jane is waiting with
dinner. That night, Jane says she has to go out for awhile, and leaves. Soon
after, John leaves also. He arrives home precisely at seven.
The next day, both John and Jane are
given orders to kill Tank
(Adam Broody), who is under custody and is to be murdered before
he is transferred to another person or company. John leaves the house and goes
into the tool shed, pulling up a secret hatch that leads to an underground room
filled with weapons and supplies. Jane, in the house, pushes buttons on the
stove revealing a hidden compartment filled with weapons and supplies. They
both leave.
Cut to Arizona. Jane has set up a base
in an abandoned building, and has all of her explosives set up, ready to kill
Tank. As Tank's convoy is approaching however, Jane spots a dune buggy driving
wildly through the desert. The driver unknowingly disables some of the
explosives. This ends up compromising Jane's plan. The driver gets out, and it
is John. John decides to pee, with his back to Jane. (He doesn't know anyone
else is there yet.) Jane is watching him through her binoculars, but can't make
out that it is John. John gets out his rocket launcher and starts to walk away
from the dune buggy. He notices that he got a little pee on his boots. Jane
gets mad however that her plan is ruined, and shoots John. John gets angry and
shoots a rocket at her hideout, and it explodes. Jane gets away on a motorbike.
John scavenges through the destroyed hideout, and finds a blown up laptop. Both
are afraid that their secret identity might be exposed. They are both given 48
hours to discover who the other person is, and kill them, or else.
John takes the laptop to a computer
expert who discovers that the computer belongs to Jane.
Jane watches and re-watches the tape of John peeing, and
also discovers that it is John.
Disappointment and anger sets in for
both of them, and they both know they have to kill each other. John gets home
at exactly 7:00pm, and dinner is waiting. He is afraid that the food is
poisoned, so is cautious to eat it. Jane is acting very suspiciously. John
drops a bottle of wine on purpose, and Jane catches it instinctively. They both
know now that the other knows about their identity. John goes to get his gun,
and Jane takes off in her car. John tries to stop her, chasing her down the
street but it is no good. He accidently fires a bullet in to her windshield and
she gets angry. Jane runs him over, and he hangs on to the top of the car. He
smashes his way into the backseat, and Jane bails from the car, sending John
off a ledge in the car. But the next day,
they fight one by one, Jane and John almost shoot each other, but John look at
Jane’s eyes and says “Go on, it’s all yours” Jane doesn’t want to shoot John,
then they noth realize that they loves each other and end up having a good time.
It is early morning, and both have just
woken up and are having their breakfast, when we see many assassins sent to
kill them. They hide in the cellar where John's weapons and supplies were
previously hidden, before Jane took them all. A robot type of machine releases
a bomb that bounces down the stairs. John kicks the bomb...right next to a fuel
oil tank. They run and dive out of the cellar, just as the entire premises is
blown to pieces. All of the assassins are killed. The Smith's take their
neighbors mini van and clothes, and goes to see Eddie.
On the way, John is driving and Jane is
in the passenger seat. Soon, four or five matching BMWs are shown in pursuit.
Jane takes over driving, and John takes out the assassins. Eventually, all of
the assassins are taken care of, and John and Jane are talking about all the
things in their life that were lies. We find out that Jane's parents died when
she was five, and her parents at her wedding were paid actors. We also find out
that Jane is Jewish, that John never really liked Jane's cooking, and
coincidently, that Jane never cooked once in their marriage, it was all
prepared by her corporation.
They meet up with Eddie, who tells them
that since they were both given 48 hours to find and kill the other, and the
both failed, their companies are out to kill them. He also tells them that they
have to find something that the company wants more than them, which is Tank. When they found Tank, they know that it’s all been
set up. Jane’s company wants to kills John, and John’s company wants to kill Jane.
But, finally they fight together, abandoned ther orders.
The movie ends with another session of
marriage counselling. This time, their relationship has improved dramatically. Yes, they do love each other J
The End.
Sources: http://www.themoviespoiler.com/Spoilers/mrandmrssmith.html
Minggu, 26 Januari 2014
Drama Script: The Dream
THE DREAM
Cast of Characters
FARHAN ICHSAN – lost person with only an address and no memory of anything else
GEMA AKBAR – a person to be feared who is the only one who can guide FARHAN
FEBBRY ANDIKA – a friendly and concerned person who befriends FARHAN
ELLANIA R. – an angry individual who is annoyed easily
FERDI ENDINANDA – quick to get into other people’s business
FADHILA DEWI – complains about everything and everyone
DINDA RISZA – an overly friendly person who is upset by harsh words
INSANI RAMADHAN – willing to cast a dark shadow on any situation
Scene 1
(Farhan is suddenly awake, he’s afraid, he run to knock Gemma’s bed, he’s lost. He don’t know any way to home)
GEMA:Who's that? What's with knocking my bed?
ELLA:Quiet!
GEMA:You quiet yourself.
FARHAN:I'm sorry. Please go back to sleep.
GEMA:Don't you start telling me what to do. You done plenty already.
FARHAN: It was an accident.
ELLA:Will you shut up?!
FERDI: Who's yelling?
FADHILA: Hey, man. Go to sleep. There's other people around here you know.
GEMA:Yeah, I know. So shut your trap.
FARHAN: Please, all of you, go back to sleep.
FEBBRY: Who's the fancy talker? I bet he wears a tie?
GEMA: I don't see none on him. He lucky. I would a used it to strangle him.
FARHAN: I'm sorry. I just need a place to sleep.
GEMA: There ain't none here.
FEBBRY: You got two blankets. Why don't you give him one?
GEMA: What with you? You take a liking to him?
FEBBRY: Well, he ain't got no tie.
GEMA: And I ain't got no blanket. So go somewhere else.
FARHAN: I'll go. It's okay.
DINDA: You can always sleep in this blanket, I got two blankets anyway.
INSANI: What're you talking about? You always feel cold.You're the one who needs two blankets.
DINDA: Careful what you say, I might cry.
FADHILA: Oh, man. Last time she cry, she wouldn't shut up all night.
FARHAN: Everyone, please. I didn't mean to cause so much trouble.
GEMA: You too late. You already did. Now, you have to pay.
DINDA: (Almost a whisper) Be gentle with him.
GEMA: Shut up, woman!
ELLA: Why don't you?! I'm tryin' to sleep here.
(Silence. GEMA crosses to ELLA's ad he point at him) What do you want?!
GEMA: No one mouths off at me.
ELLA: Too late, I already did.
(In a quick motion, GEMA tips the blanket, kicks
ELLA, and pins him to the floor with his foot.
FARHAN tries to escape during this but is caught
by FERDI and FADHILA. FERDI and FADHILA
push FARHAN roughly into a sitting position on
a blanket. Once again everything is still again)
GEMA: What you say to me, girl?
ELLA: Nothing, nothing at all.
GEMA: And what you say to me later?
ELLA: Nothing.
FERDI: (Holding FARHAN) We got this one.
FADHILA: What you gonna do with him?
GEMA: (Crosses to FARHAN, grabs his face roughly and
makes FARHAN look up at him) Does I scare you?
FARHAN: (Softly) Yes.
GEMA: (Smiles, still holding him, looking into his eyes)
It's that look I love. I loves it more than women. And you's got it.
(He roughly releases FARHAN. Others leave him
alone and go to the corners to converse. GEMA
sits on his blanket. FEBBRY goes to FARHAN)
FEBBRY: Hi, there.
FARHAN: Hi.
FEBBRY: My name's Febbry.
(Holds out hand. They shake)
FARHAN: Farhan.
FEBBRY: I think Gema is very nice person.
FARHAN: I think you're wrong.
FEBBRY: He's not as bad as he looks. He's really a pussy cat deep down.
FARHAN: Yeah, with long claws, long teeth, and rabies.
FEBBRY: Oh, you’re funny. We can be friends.
FARHAN: Where am I?
INSANI(Joins them): You're down, man. You're at the end of existence.
FEBBRY: He exaggerates.
INSANI: You eg-za-der-dates if you's saying otherwise.
FARHAN: I was told to come here. At least, I think so.
(Takes out paper) Here's the address.
(FEBBRY is silent when he sees paper)
INSANI: That's bad man. Real bad.
FARHAN: What?
INSANI: That place.
FARHAN: Then this isn't it?
INSANI: This place is far from it, man. This is Disneyland to that.
FARHAN: Maybe I shouldn't go.
FEBBRY: You have to.
FARHAN: Who will take me there, then?
FEBBRY: Gema can take you.
FARHAN: Gema? Why him?
INSANI: That's a bad place. Only Gema goes there.
(To FEBBRY) They say he's from that neighborhood.
FEBBRY: If that's possible.
FARHAN: Can it be that bad?
INSANI: Where you comin' from, man? Don't you know nothin' about this neighborhood?
FARHAN: This is all new to me.
INSANI: It better be unnew and fast or you's gonna lose yourself here.
FEBBRY: That place where you're going...
FARHAN: Yeah?
FEBBRY: It's dangerous... cops don't even go there.
INSANI: And when Gema goes, he don't bring no one back.
FEBBRY: You didn't have to tell him that.
INSANI: It's the truth, isn’t it?
FARHAN: I'm free, aren't I? I just won't go. I'll stay here. That's easy enough.
INSAN: You forget. Gema won't let you. You're stuck.
FARHAN: Damned if I do, damned if I don't.
INSANI: Hey, he catches on quick.
FEBBRY: Not quick enough I'm afraid.
FARHAN: Won't Gema help me through?
INSANI: Gema? Help? Those words don't go, man. Gemawould sooner see you hurt than helped. That's his way.
FARHAN: I may as well go alone then.
FEBBRY: Gema would go anyway. It’s his job. You may as well go with him.
INSANI: You stick with Gema in that neighborhood, man. You'll be glad you did. With them the way they are there, he'll be your best friend.
FARHAN: I don't understand any of this. What is this stupid address? I don't want to go, but what else can I do? There's nothing behind me. There's nothing here. The only thing I have is this address.
INSANI: Keep what you got. It could be worse… but not much.
(Moment of silence. GEMA gets up and puts on a
jacket. GEMA crosses over to them. INSANI sees
him and crosses away. FARHAN and FEBBRY notice
GEMA when INSANI leaves)
GEMA
(To FARHAN): You coming?
FEBBRY: You'd better go.
GEMA: Show me your paper.
FARHAN: Paper?
GEMA: (Louder and sharper)
The address!
(FARHAN quickly gives it to him)
GEMA: (Laughs darkly)
Bad place. What's a fancy talking little wuss like you doing in a neighborhood like this?
FARHAN: Someone gave me the address. I don't remember them saying anything else.
GEMA: Probably better that way.
FARHAN: What is this place anyway?
GEMA: That depends on you.
FARHAN: What is that supposed to mean?
GEMA: (Laughs)
You see. What that they say. "Patience is a..." What's that word?
FARHAN: "Virtue."
GEMA: Yeah. You got to get yourself some of that.
FARHAN: I thought I had plenty before this.
GEMA: You find you got a lot less after. It’s time
FEBBRY:
(Goes up to FARHAN)
Keep safe.
GEMA: I ain't got the time!
FEBBRY: You'd better go.
FARHAN: Good-bye. Perhaps I'll be back this way again.
(FEBBRY smiles sadly)
GEMA: You comin'?
(FARHAN follows GEMMA, FEBBRY watches
sadly. INSANI glances reluctantly, but turns away.
Lights fade to black)
(Finally GEMA leads Farhan to his home and Gema disappear right away. Farhan watches himself sleep on the bed, he stares quizically then sleep upon his body)
FARHAN: (wakes up with sweat and breathes pantingly) Oh! Thank God it was just a dream.
Selasa, 21 Januari 2014
Natural Phenomenon: Aurora
Aurora
(astronomy)
Images of
the aurora australis and aurora borealis from around the world, including those
with rarer red and blue lights
An aurora (plural:
aurorae or auroras; from the Latin wordaurora, "sunrise" or the Roman goddess of dawn) is
a natural light display in the sky particularly in the high latitude (Arctic and Antarctic) regions, caused by the collision of
energetic charged particles with atoms in the high altitude atmosphere (thermosphere). The charged particles originate
in the magnetosphere and solar wind and, on Earth, are directed by the Earth's magnetic
field into the
atmosphere. Most aurorae occur in a band known as the auroral zone, which is typically 3° to 6° in latitudinal
extent and at all local times or longitudes. The auroral zone is typically 10°
to 20° from the magnetic pole defined by the axis of the Earth's magnetic
dipole. During a geomagnetic storm, the auroral zone expands to
lower latitudes.
Aurorae are classified as
diffuse and discrete. The diffuse aurora is a featureless glow in the sky that
may not be visible to the naked eye, even on a dark night. It defines the
extent of the auroral zone. The discrete aurorae are sharply defined features
within the diffuse aurora that vary in brightness from just barely visible to
the naked eye, to bright enough to read a newspaper by at night. Discrete
aurorae are usually seen in only the night sky, because they are not as bright as
the sunlit sky. Aurorae occasionally occur poleward of the auroral zone as
diffuse patches or arcs, which are generally subvisual.
In northern latitudes, the effect is known as the aurora borealis (or the northern
lights), named after the Roman goddess of dawn,Aurora, and the Greek name for the north wind, Boreas,
by Pierre Gassendi in 1621. Auroras seen near the magnetic pole may be high overhead, but
from farther away, they illuminate the northern horizon as a greenish glow or
sometimes a faint red, as if the Sun were rising from an unusual direction.
Discrete aurorae often display magnetic field lines or curtain-like structures, and can change within seconds or glow
unchanging for hours, most often in fluorescent green. The aurora borealis most
often occurs near theequinoxes. The northern
lights have had a number of names throughout history. The Cree call this
phenomenon the "Dance of the Spirits". In Medieval Europe, the auroras were commonly
believed to be a sign from God.
Its southern counterpart, the aurora australis (or the southern
lights), has features that are almost identical to the aurora borealis and
changes simultaneously with changes in the northern auroral zone. It is visible
from high southern latitudes in Antarctica, South America, New Zealand, and Australia. Aurorae occur on other planets. Similar to the Earth's
aurora, they are visible close to the planet's magnetic poles. Modern style
guides recommend that the names of meteorological phenomena, such as aurora borealis, be uncapitalized.
Auroral mechanism
Auroras result from emissions
of photons in the Earth's upper atmosphere, above
80 km (50 mi), from ionized nitrogen molecules
regaining an electron, and oxygen atoms and nitrogen molecules
returning from an excited state to ground state. They are ionized or excited by the
collision of solar wind and magnetospheric particles being funneled down and accelerated along the Earth's magnetic
field lines; excitation energy is lost by the emission of a photon, or by
collision with another atom or molecule:
green or brownish-red,
depending on the amount of energy absorbed.
blue or red; blue if the atom
regains an electron after it has been ionized, red if returning to ground state from an excited state.
Oxygen is unusual in terms of
its return to ground state: it can take three quarters of a
second to emit green light and up to two minutes to emit red. Collisions with
other atoms or molecules absorb the excitation energy and prevent emission.
Because the very top of the atmosphere has a higher percentage of oxygen and is
sparsely distributed such collisions are rare enough to allow time for oxygen
to emit red. Collisions become more frequent progressing down into the
atmosphere, so that red emissions do not have time to happen, and eventually
even green light emissions are prevented.
This is why there is a color
differential with altitude; at high altitude oxygen red dominates, then oxygen
green and nitrogen blue/red, then finally nitrogen blue/red when collisions
prevent oxygen from emitting anything. Green is the most common of all auroras.
Behind it is pink, a mixture of light green and red, followed by pure red,
yellow (a mixture of red and green), and lastly, pure blue.
Auroras are associated with
the solar wind, a flow of ions continuously flowing outward from the Sun. The
Earth's magnetic field traps these particles, many of which travel toward the
poles where they are accelerated toward Earth. Collisions between these ions
and atmospheric atoms and molecules cause energy releases in the form of
auroras appearing in large circles around the poles. Auroras are more frequent
and brighter during the intense phase of the solar cycle when coronal mass
ejections increase the
intensity of the solar wind.
Auroral colors
·
Red: At the
highest altitudes, excited atomic oxygen emits at 630.0 nm (red); low concentration
of atoms and lower sensitivity of eyes at this wavelength make this color
visible only under some circumstances with more intense solar activity. The low
amount of oxygen atoms and their very gradually diminishing concentration is
responsible for the faint, gradual appearance of the top parts of the
"curtains".
·
Green: At lower
altitudes the more frequent collisions suppress this mode and the 557.7 nm
emission (green) dominates; fairly high concentration of atomic oxygen and
higher eye sensitivity in green make green auroras the most common. The excited
molecular nitrogen (atomic nitrogen being rare due to high stability of the N2 molecule) plays its role here as well, as it can transfer energy by
collision to an oxygen atom, which then radiates it away at the green
wavelength. (Red and green can also mix together to pink or yellow hues.) The
rapid decrease of concentration of atomic oxygen below about 100 km is
responsible for the abrupt-looking end of the bottom parts of the curtains.
·
Blue: At yet
lower altitudes atomic oxygen is not common anymore, and ionized molecular
nitrogen takes over in visible light emission; it radiates at a large number of
wavelengths in both red and blue parts of the spectrum, with 428 nm (blue)
being dominant. Blue and purple emissions, typically at the bottoms of the
"curtains", show up at the highest levels of solar activity.
Aurora
(astronomy)
An aurora (plural: aurorae or auroras; from the Latin wordaurora, "sunrise" or the Roman goddess of dawn) is a natural light display in the sky particularly in the high latitude (Arctic and Antarctic) regions, caused by the collision of energetic charged particles with atoms in the high altitude atmosphere (thermosphere). The charged particles originate in the magnetosphere and solar wind and, on Earth, are directed by the Earth's magnetic field into the atmosphere. Most aurorae occur in a band known as the auroral zone, which is typically 3° to 6° in latitudinal extent and at all local times or longitudes. The auroral zone is typically 10° to 20° from the magnetic pole defined by the axis of the Earth's magnetic dipole. During a geomagnetic storm, the auroral zone expands to lower latitudes.
Auroral mechanism
A predominantly red aurora
australis
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